Chapter 2 - The Internet and World Wide Web

CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

b Describe how the Internet works

b Understand ways to access the Internet

b Identify a URL

b Know how to search for information on the Web

b Describe the types of Web pages

b Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality

b Define Webcasting

b Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce)

b Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work

b Identify the rules of netiquette

b Understand security precautions for the Internet

THE INTERNET

b Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services

b No single organization owns or controls

b Estimated 360 million users

b Internet Games video

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

b Started as a network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969

b Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET

b 70 million computers today

b Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet

b Backbone now provided by variety of corporations

b Various organizations help define standards

b World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

b Internet2

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

b Internet Service Providers (ISP) and Online Services

• Have permanent connections to the Internet

• Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee

• Regional and national ISPs

• Online service providers (OSP) offer members only areas

• Wireless service providers (WSP) offer wireless Internet access

b Connecting to the Internet

• Business or school network connected to the Internet

• Dial-up access

• Digital subscriber line (DSL)

• Cable modems

• Wireless

b How Data Travels the Internet

• Server

• Client

• Host computers

• Backbone

b Internet Addresses

• IP (Internet protocol) address

– 199.95.72.10 (4 groups of numbers)

– Geographic region (Network)

– Company or organization

– Computer group

– Specific computer

• Domain name

– Top-level domain (TLD)

– Top-level domain abbreviations

– Country codes

• Domain name system (DNS)

• Domain name servers

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

b Browsing the Web

• WWW (World Wide Web)

• Started in 1991

• Web page

• Web site

• Web browser

• Home page

• Downloading

• Microbrowser, Minibrowser

b Navigating Web Pages

• Hyperlinks (links)

• Surfing the Web

b Using a URL

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• Web address

• Hypertext transfer protocol (http://)

• Web server

b Search Engines

• Directory maintained by a search engine company

• Helps find information on the Web

• Keywords

• Spider, Crawler, Bot

• Hit

b Types of Web Pages

• Advocacy Web page

• Business/Marketing Web page

• Informational Web page

• News Web page

• Portal Web page

• Personal Web Page

b Multimedia on the Web

• Graphics

– Used to enhance the text-based Internet

– Graphics formats

– JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

– GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

– Thumbnails

• Animation

– Marquees

– Animated GIF

• Audio

– MP3

– WAV and AU formats

– Streaming audio

– RealAudio

• Video

– MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

– Streaming video

– RealVideo

– Web cam

– Sorenson Video

• Virtual Reality

– Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space

– VR world

WEBCASTING

b Pull technology

• Request a web page

b Push technology

• Content downloaded automatically

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

b Conducting business activities online

b E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)

b M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)

b Three types of e-commerce

• Business to consumer (B-to-C, B2C)

– Electronic storefront

– Shopping cart

– Online auction

• Consumer to consumer (C-to-C, C2C)

• Business to business (B-to-B, B2B)

WEB PUBLISHING

b Development and maintenance of Web pages

b Planning the Web site

b Analyzing & Designing the Web site

• Plug-in

b Creating the Web site

• Web page authoring software

• HTML (Hypertext markup language)

b Deploying the Web site

• Web hosting services

• Upload

• Submission service

b Maintaining the Web site

• Webmaster

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

b E-mail

• Primary communication method for both personal and business use

• E-mail programs

• E-mail address

• User name, User-ID

• Address book

• Mailbox

• Mail server

• POP (Post Office Protocol)

• POP3

b FTP

• FTP (file transfer protocol) sites and servers

• FTP Server - Allows file downloads and uploads

• Anonymous FTP

• FTP programs

b Newsgroups and Message Boards

• Collection of newsgroups is called Usenet

• News Server – Stores & distributes newsgroup messages

• Newsreader

• Posting

• Threads of discussion

• Message boards – Web based discussion group

b Mailing Lists

• Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name

• Subscribing and unsubscribing

• LISTSERVs

b Chat Rooms

• Real-time conversation

• Voice chats

• Video chats

• Chat clients

– IRC (Internet relay chat)

– Microsoft Chat

b Instant Messaging

• Notifies when certain people you select are online

• Allows you to exchanges messages or join private chat

NETIQUETTE

b Internet etiquette

• The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet

SUMMARY OF THE INTERNET

b History of the Internet

b How the Internet works

b The World Wide Web

b Webcasting

b Electronic commerce

b Web publishing

b Other Internet services

b Netiquette

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZER

b Tim Berners-Lee

• Created the World Wide Web

• Developed a predecessor to the Web known as Enquire while at CERN

• Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

COMPANY ON THE CUTTING EDGE

b Yahoo!

• Online navigational guide

• Started by Jerry Yang and David Filo

• Evaluate sites before they are placed on Yahoo!

• Features include mail, chat, and personalized information for users

Chapter 2 Complete