Chapter 2 - The Internet and World Wide Web
CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
b
Describe how the Internet works
b
Understand ways to access the Internet
b
Identify a URL
b
Know how to search for information on the Web
b
Describe the types of Web pages
b
Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio,
video, and virtual reality
b
Define Webcasting
b
Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce)
b
Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards,
mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work
b
Identify the rules of netiquette
b
Understand security precautions for the Internet
THE INTERNET
b
Worldwide group of connected networks that allow
public access to information and services
b
No single organization owns or controls
b
Estimated 360 million users
b
Internet Games video
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
b
Started as a network of four
computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969
b
Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) - ARPANET
b
70 million computers today
b
Backbone first provided by National
Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet
b
Backbone now provided by variety of corporations
b
Various organizations help define standards
b
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
b
Internet2
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
b
Internet Service Providers (ISP) and Online Services
• Have
permanent connections to the Internet
• Provide
temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee
• Regional and
national ISPs
• Online
service providers (OSP) offer members only areas
•
Wireless service
providers (WSP) offer wireless Internet access
b
Connecting to the Internet
• Business or
school network connected to the Internet
• Dial-up
access
• Digital
subscriber line (DSL)
• Cable modems
•
Wireless
b
How Data Travels the Internet
• Server
• Client
• Host
computers
•
Backbone
b
Internet Addresses
• IP (Internet
protocol) address
– 199.95.72.10
(4 groups of numbers)
– Geographic
region (Network)
– Company or
organization
– Computer
group
– Specific
computer
• Domain name
– Top-level
domain (TLD)
– Top-level
domain abbreviations
–
Country codes
• Domain name
system (DNS)
•
Domain name
servers
THE WORLD WIDE WEB
b
Browsing the Web
• WWW (World
Wide Web)
• Started in
1991
• Web page
• Web site
• Web browser
• Home page
• Downloading
•
Microbrowser,
Minibrowser
b
Navigating Web Pages
• Hyperlinks
(links)
• Surfing the
Web
b
Using a URL
• Uniform
Resource Locator (URL)
• Web address
• Hypertext
transfer protocol (http://)
•
Web server
b
Search Engines
• Directory
maintained by a search engine company
• Helps find
information on the Web
• Keywords
• Spider,
Crawler, Bot
•
Hit
b
Types of Web Pages
• Advocacy Web
page
• Business/Marketing
Web page
• Informational
Web page
• News Web
page
• Portal Web
page
•
Personal Web
Page
b
Multimedia on the Web
• Graphics
– Used to
enhance the text-based Internet
– Graphics
formats
– JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts Group)
– GIF
(Graphics Interchange Format)
–
Thumbnails
• Animation
– Marquees
–
Animated GIF
• Audio
– MP3
– WAV and AU
formats
– Streaming
audio
–
RealAudio
• Video
– MPEG (Moving
Pictures Experts Group)
– Streaming
video
– RealVideo
– Web cam
–
Sorenson Video
• Virtual
Reality
– Simulation
of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space
–
VR world
WEBCASTING
b
Pull technology
• Request a
web page
b
Push technology
•
Content downloaded
automatically
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
b
Conducting business activities online
b
E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)
b
M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)
b
Three types of e-commerce
• Business to
consumer (B-to-C, B2C)
– Electronic
storefront
– Shopping
cart
– Online
auction
• Consumer to
consumer (C-to-C, C2C)
•
Business to
business (B-to-B, B2B)
WEB PUBLISHING
b
Development and maintenance of Web
pages
b
Planning the Web site
b
Analyzing & Designing the Web
site
•
Plug-in
b
Creating the Web site
•
Web page authoring software
•
HTML (Hypertext markup language)
b
Deploying the Web site
•
Web hosting services
•
Upload
•
Submission service
b
Maintaining the Web site
•
Webmaster
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
b
E-mail
•
Primary communication method for both
personal and business use
•
E-mail programs
•
E-mail address
•
User name, User-ID
•
Address book
•
Mailbox
•
Mail server
•
POP (Post Office Protocol)
•
POP3
b
FTP
• FTP (file
transfer protocol) sites and servers
• FTP Server -
Allows file downloads and uploads
• Anonymous
FTP
•
FTP programs
b
Newsgroups and Message Boards
• Collection
of newsgroups is called Usenet
• News Server
– Stores & distributes newsgroup messages
• Newsreader
• Posting
• Threads of
discussion
•
Message boards
– Web based discussion group
b
Mailing Lists
• Group of
e-mail names and addresses given a single name
• Subscribing
and unsubscribing
•
LISTSERVs
b
Chat Rooms
• Real-time
conversation
• Voice chats
• Video chats
• Chat clients
– IRC
(Internet relay chat)
–
Microsoft Chat
b
Instant Messaging
• Notifies
when certain people you select are online
•
Allows you
to exchanges messages or join private chat
NETIQUETTE
b
Internet etiquette
•
The code of
acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet
SUMMARY OF THE INTERNET
b
History of the Internet
b
How the Internet works
b
The World Wide Web
b
Webcasting
b
Electronic commerce
b
Web publishing
b
Other Internet services
b
Netiquette
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZER
b
Tim Berners-Lee
• Created the
World Wide Web
• Developed a
predecessor to the Web known as Enquire while at CERN
•
Director of
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
COMPANY ON THE CUTTING EDGE
b
Yahoo!
• Online
navigational guide
• Started by
Jerry Yang and David Filo
• Evaluate
sites before they are placed on Yahoo!
• Features
include mail, chat, and personalized information for users
Chapter 2 Complete