Chapter 2 - The Internet and World Wide Web

CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

b  Describe how the Internet works

b  Understand ways to access the Internet

b  Identify a URL

b  Know how to search for information on the Web

b  Describe the types of Web pages

b  Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality

b  Define Webcasting

b  Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce)

b  Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work

b  Identify the rules of netiquette

b  Understand security precautions for the Internet


THE INTERNET

b  Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services

b  No single organization owns or controls

b  Estimated 360 million users

b  Internet Games video


HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

b   Started as a network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969

b   Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET

b   70 million computers today

b   Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet

b  Backbone now provided by variety of corporations

b  Various organizations help define standards

b  World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

b  Internet2


HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

b  Internet Service Providers (ISP) and Online Services

    Have permanent connections to the Internet

    Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee

    Regional and national ISPs

    Online service providers (OSP) offer members only areas

    Wireless service providers (WSP) offer wireless Internet access

b  Connecting to the Internet

    Business or school network connected to the Internet

    Dial-up access

    Digital subscriber line (DSL)

    Cable modems

    Wireless

b  How Data Travels the Internet

    Server

    Client

    Host computers

    Backbone

b  Internet Addresses

    IP (Internet protocol) address

  199.95.72.10 (4 groups of numbers)

  Geographic region (Network)

  Company or organization

  Computer group

  Specific computer

    Domain name

  Top-level domain (TLD)

  Top-level domain abbreviations

  Country codes

    Domain name system (DNS)

    Domain name servers


THE WORLD WIDE WEB

b  Browsing the Web

    WWW (World Wide Web)

    Started in 1991

    Web page

    Web site

    Web browser

    Home page

    Downloading

    Microbrowser, Minibrowser

b  Navigating Web Pages

    Hyperlinks (links)

    Surfing the Web

b  Using a URL

    Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

    Web address

    Hypertext transfer protocol (http://)

    Web server

b  Search Engines

    Directory maintained by a search engine company

    Helps find information on the Web

    Keywords

    Spider, Crawler, Bot

    Hit

b  Types of Web Pages

    Advocacy Web page

    Business/Marketing Web page

    Informational Web page

    News Web page

    Portal Web page

    Personal Web Page

b  Multimedia on the Web

    Graphics

  Used to enhance the text-based Internet

  Graphics formats

   JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
   GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

  Thumbnails

    Animation

  Marquees

  Animated GIF

    Audio

  MP3

  WAV and AU formats

  Streaming audio

  RealAudio

    Video

  MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

  Streaming video

  RealVideo

  Web cam

  Sorenson Video

    Virtual Reality

  Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space

  VR world


WEBCASTING

b  Pull technology

    Request a web page

b  Push technology

    Content downloaded automatically


ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

b  Conducting business activities online

b  E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)

b  M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce)

b  Three types of e-commerce

    Business to consumer (B-to-C, B2C)

  Electronic storefront

  Shopping cart

  Online auction

    Consumer to consumer (C-to-C, C2C)

    Business to business (B-to-B, B2B)


WEB PUBLISHING

b        Development and maintenance of Web pages

b     Planning the Web site

b     Analyzing & Designing the Web site

       Plug-in

b     Creating the Web site

       Web page authoring software

       HTML (Hypertext markup language)

b     Deploying the Web site

       Web hosting services

       Upload

       Submission service

b     Maintaining the Web site

       Webmaster


OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

b   E-mail

     Primary communication method for both personal and business use

     E-mail programs

     E-mail address

     User name, User-ID

     Address book

     Mailbox

     Mail server

     POP (Post Office Protocol)

     POP3

b  FTP

    FTP (file transfer protocol) sites and servers

    FTP Server - Allows file downloads and uploads

    Anonymous FTP

    FTP programs

b  Newsgroups and Message Boards

    Collection of newsgroups is called Usenet

    News Server – Stores & distributes newsgroup messages

    Newsreader

    Posting

    Threads of discussion

    Message boards – Web based discussion group

b  Mailing Lists

    Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name

    Subscribing and unsubscribing

    LISTSERVs

b  Chat Rooms

    Real-time conversation

    Voice chats

    Video chats

    Chat clients

  IRC (Internet relay chat)

  Microsoft Chat

b  Instant Messaging

    Notifies when certain people you select are online

    Allows you to exchanges messages or join private chat


NETIQUETTE

b  Internet etiquette

    The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet


SUMMARY OF THE INTERNET

b   History of the Internet

b   How the Internet works

b   The World Wide Web

b   Webcasting

b   Electronic commerce

b   Web publishing

b   Other Internet services

b   Netiquette


TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZER

b  Tim Berners-Lee

    Created the World Wide Web

    Developed a predecessor to the Web known as Enquire while at CERN

    Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)


COMPANY ON THE CUTTING EDGE

b  Yahoo!

    Online navigational guide

    Started by Jerry Yang and David Filo

    Evaluate sites before they are placed on Yahoo!

    Features include mail, chat, and personalized information for users

Chapter 2 Complete